宅基地退出对家庭福利水平的影响——基于家庭风险承载力视角

宅基地使用权是中国特有的一种用益特权,具有浓厚的福利性质,宅基地退出对农户家庭的整体福利水平具有重要影响。从家庭风险承载力的视角探讨了宅基地退出对农户家庭福利水平的门槛效应,利用2014—2016年CFPS中的3450户样本数据,构建以农户家庭风险承载力为门限变量的门限面板回归模型进行实证检验。结果表明：①宅基地退出与农户家庭福利水平存在显著的非线性关系,宅基地退出对农户家庭福利水平的影响程度与影响方向取决于农户家庭风险承载力的大小;②家庭风险承载力存在双重门限效应。家庭风险承载力越强,宅基地退出越能促进农户家庭福利水平的提高;家庭风险承载力较弱时,宅基地退出后其家庭福利水平有所降低;③家庭风险承载力、人均国内生产总值、拥有宅基地面积大小、宅基地退出补偿金额对农户家庭福利水平的提升都具有显著的正向影响。家庭风险承载力是宅基地退出过程中影响家庭福利水平的重要门限变量,政府应以家庭风险承载力作为推动中国农村宅基地有序退出的重要决策因素、政策制定应充分考虑不同农户家庭风险承载力的差异而区别对待。

Effect of homestead withdrawal on family welfare:From the perspective of family risk taking capacity

The right to use homestead is a kind of usufruct privilege unique to China, with a strong welfare nature. Homestead withdrawal has an important impact on the overall welfare level of peasant families. From the perspective of household risk carrying capacity, the threshold effect of homestead withdrawal on household welfare level was discussed. Based on the sample data of 3450 households in China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) from 2014 to 2016, a threshold panel regression model was constructed to take household risk carrying capacity as the threshold variable for empirical test. The results show that: (1) A significant nonlinear relationship exists between homestead withdrawal and household welfare level, and the degree and direction of the impact of homestead withdrawal on household welfare level depend on the risk taking capacity of households. (2) Family risk taking capacity has a double threshold effect. The stronger the risk taking capacity of the family, the more the homestead withdrawal can promote the improvement of the household welfare level; when the risk taking capacity of the family is weak, the welfare level of the family decreases after the homestead is withdrawn. (3) Risk taking capacity of households, per capita GDP, the area of homestead, and the amount of compensation for the withdrawal of homestead all have a significant positive impact on the improvement of the household welfare level. Family risk bearing capacity is an important threshold variable that affects family welfare level in the process of homestead withdrawal. The government should take family risk bearing capacity as an important decision-making factor to promote the orderly withdrawal of rural homestead in China. The policy making should fully consider the differences of risk bearing capacity of different households and treat them differently.