从Bachman模式看完形测试

完形测试建立于完形心理学的理论基础之上，自创建以来，倍受语言测试界的重视，被广泛用于各种大规模的测试中。但后来的研究表明完形测试也存在一些令人费解之处。本文通过分析Bachman模式揭开了完形测试的神秘面纱。分析表明，完形测试结果并不一定是应试者潜在能力（underlying competence）的真实体现，它还会受到方法因素的影响。该分析结果建议采用完形测试形式的命题者不仅要更好地定义测量目标，而且还要考虑测试中存在哪些潜在难点，尽量避免它们对测试结果带来的影响。

A Bachman Model Look at Cloze Tests

Based on Gestalt psychology and purported to measure language ability, the cloze procedure has been considered a promising format for language tests and used in various large scale tests since its birth. As research continued, however, Criticism surfaced and cloze started to lose its luster, Bachman＇s model potentially renders cloze tests less mysterious in that the performance may not equal to the testee＇s underlying competence because of the method facets, and compels test-makers who employ the format not only to better define what it is they are trying to measure, but also to consider what pitfalls their tests might entail.