公私观念与传统中国农民的行为逻辑

引入"大私"的分析观念,将乡土社会里的宗族或自然村赋之以"大私"的属性,以此重构理解农民公私观念的理想图式。研究发现,宗族、自然村是农民认同的一个重要的"自己人单位"。受此影响,传统农民的行为逻辑是"以群为重,以己为轻"的群我主义,以农民认同的"大私"单位为界限,其内遵循个体利益服从群体利益的整体主义行为逻辑,其外则遵循截然相反的特殊主义的陌生化的人际交往逻辑。在此基础上,重新审视"崇公抑私"等公与私的价值性术语的实践效能就会有新的发现。

Concepts of Gong and Si and the Logic of Traditional Chinese Farmers' Behavior

This paper attempts to introduce concept of "Da Si" and endows the clan of local society or village with the characteristic of "Da Si",to reconstruct the ideal schema for understanding the concept of Gong and Si.It argues that clan and villages are important recognitions of "insiders unit" for farmers.Affected by this,the logic of traditional farmers′ behavior is universalism of valuing group and slighting individual.Taking "Da Si" agreed by farmers as boundary,interior follows grouplism behavior logic with individual interests subordinating to group interests;while external part follows particularism of strange logic for human interaction.On this basis,new insights could be informed by re-examining the performance of practice as "carrying forward Gong and suppressing Si" and others value terms about "Gong and Si".