一个后现代哲学语境中的神话——评“马克思颠覆了形而上学”

马克思认为人类理性思维的特质就是运用思维的“抽象力”通过现象揭示事物的本质,而这种抽象力把世界作为整体把握时是“思维着的头脑的产物”。因而认为“马克思对形而上学的颠覆”,首先在于他意识到任何理性,观念不是现象背后的本质,只是“传统形而上学的幻觉”的观点是难以令人信服的;而且这种反本质的观点,又是一种标准的后现代哲学语境。在黑格尔哲学体系中并不存在“认识过程”混同于“表达过程”,语言不仅不是消除哲学问题的工具,而且还是澄清哲学问题的砝码,马克思思想的连续性与“颠覆”一词是格格不入的,马克思对黑格尔哲学的批判旨在剥离它的唯心论外壳,决非要去颠覆它。

A Myth in Post-Modernist Philosophy Context

Marx holds that the peculiarity of human rational thinking is revealing the essence of matters through phenomenon by employing the abstractness of thinking, while the abstractness is "the product of thinking brains" when it holds the world as a whole. Therefore the view is unconvincing that " Marx's subversion of metaphysics" lie first of all in his realization that any rationality, sense is not essence behind phenomenon but "delusion of traditional metaphysics"; and the anti-essence view is a standard post-modernist philosophy context. There exists no confusion of "cognition process" and "expression process" in Hegel's philosophy system, and language is not only no tool to eliminate philosophical issues but a weight for clarifying philosophical issues. The continuity of Marxist thought and the word "subversion" are misfits. Marx's criticism of Hegel philosophy aims at stripping its idealist shell, but never subverting it.