西方儿童本位教育思潮对中国教育的影响

20世纪前后,欧美兴起了以杜威为代表的儿童本位教育思潮.其渊源可追溯至古代希腊、人文主义教育及启蒙学者卢梭.其重要的特点是反对成人本位及预成论、原罪说,要求尊重儿童个性及身心特点,以儿童为主体去安排教育活动.该思潮传入中国后,得到广泛响应,以鲁迅、蔡元培等为首,据此批判了中国传统儿童教育的各种弊端,至今仍具有强烈的现实意义.

Influence of Western Paidocentricism Thought upon Chinese Education

At the turning point of the 20th century,there arose in Europe and the U.S.child-centered educational thoughts represented by John Dewey.Its origin can be traced back to ancient Greece,humane education in Renascence and J.Rousseau’s ideas.Its important features include an opposition to adult-oriented education and a resistance to the doctrine of predetermination and original sin,as well as a respect for children’s personality and their physical and mental characteristics with educational activities centered upon children.After being introduced to China,it received positive widespread responses.Scholars headed by Lu Xun and Cai Yuan-pei criticized the malpractice of traditional Chinese education in light of these thoughts which still has strong practical significance to current education in China.