论社会阶层构成新变化对政治发展的挑战

改革开放以来 ,中国的社会阶层构成出现了新的变化 ,阶层分化使当代中国阶层构成呈现出新的态势 :农民阶层的职业分化加剧使农民人数急剧下降 ,但更深层次的分化很难在短期内完成 ;工人阶层的职业内流动使传统的蓝领工人的人数不断减少 ,且阶层内的收入分化加剧 ;干部阶层的剥离式分化使庞杂的干部队伍趋于分解 ;个体、私营工商业阶层的出现 ;知识分子的成层化趋势。新的阶层构成对政治发展有以下几方面的挑战 :阶层政治参与的不均衡性对政治决策的挑战 ;阶层利益指向的差异性对政治整合有效性的挑战 ;阶层分化所导致的利益分化对政治稳定的挑战

On Challenges of the New Change in the Stratification of the Social Ladder to Political Development

Since the reform and open-door policy, new changes have taken place to Chinese stratification of the social ladder. The stratification of the social ladder has brought about a new posture of the social ladder in China. The division of peasantry has caused a violent diminution of the number of farmers, but its further division in the deep hierarchy does not expect to be completed in a short period of time. The interior shift of the working class has resulted in a constant reduction of the number of traditional blue-collars and the division in income is intensifying within the class. The separating division of cadres as a class has made the miscellaneous dispatch of cadres tend to dissolve. Moreover, individual and private businessmen and entrepreneurs have appeared as a separate class and intellectuals have tended to form a class of their own. The shaping of these new classes offers the following challenges to political development: that of the imbalance of political participation among classes to political decision, that of the diversifying orientations of heirarchical interests to the effectivity of political integration and finally that of the division of interests caused by the division of classes to political stability.