管理是科学还是艺术——从知识层面认识管理

本文从管理过程中所使用和创造的知识特点,来探讨管理究竟是科学还是艺术的问题。首先界定了科学与艺术的含义,强调了这里所谓的艺术是指一切带有创造性的、带有鲜明个性的活动和工作。然后研讨了知识的类型(显性与隐性,个人和集体)及其在各类管理活动中的运用。由于目前的管理科学依靠显性知识还不能用来解决日益复杂和不确定的管理问题,还得依靠经验、直觉,依靠隐性知识,带有很强的情景依赖性和个性,所以管理实际问题的解决是一种艺术,不论是运作管理还是人际关系的处理,都是科学与艺术的不同程度上的综合运用。文中着重从管理的创新和创新的管理中各类知识的运用和新知识的生成来探讨管理的科学属性与艺术属性,并提出使两种属性相融合的建议

Is Management A Science or An Art

The issue "Is knowledge management a science or an art" is discussed on the basis of knowledge utilization and innovation. The implication of science and art is defined at first. Different kinds of knowledge (explicit and tacit, individual and collective) related to their applications and limitations in various areas of management especially in the innovation are investigated . The conclusion is: management practice is art, general principles and rules belong to science. Management is both a science and an art, moreover it is the fusion of science and art.