从行会到同业公会：济南近代手工业行业组织的演变

从传统行会向同业公会过渡是近代中国行业组织的演变趋势。20世纪初以来随着济南手工业的变迁，济南手工业的行业组织由传统的会馆、公所等行会组织逐渐向近代的同业公会组织演变，但其行业管理的职能并未确立起来。济南手工业行业组织的变迁表明行业组织的近代演变受到诸多传统因素的制约。

From Guilds to Trade Associations: The Transformation of Handicraft Industry Organizations in Jinan

The transition from the traditional guilds to the trade associations is the transformation trend of industry organizations in modern China. With the development of handicrafts, handicraft industry organizations in Jinan have realized the transformation from the traditional guilds to the modem associations since the begin- ning of the twentieth century, but their management function had not been established. The transformation of handicraft industry organizations indicates that the modernization of industry organizations is restricted by many traditional factors.