汤屯高速公路沿线生态环境现状及其影响评价

汤口至屯溪高速公路经过黄山风景区旁边和穿越省级天湖自然保护区。采用实地调查和卫星遥感资料分析得知：从起点至琶塘为山岭重丘区，呈森林生态系统类型，以人工林、灌丛和茶园为主，从琶塘至终点为平原微丘区。呈农田生态系统类型；林地乔、灌、草总盖度在85％以上。公路中心线两侧500米内植物现存生物量约为370000吨。永久征地损失的生物量约为12000吨；树龄100年以上的古树名木32棵；项目区有国家二级重点保护植物12种。未见国家一级重点保护植物；根据现场调查和历史资料，区域内有国家一级重点保护动物5种，国家二级重点保护动物27种：公路以桥隧通过自然保护区的缓冲区和实验区，桥隧可望成为动物通行的廊道，本项目对自然保护区和野生动植物影响相对较小。建议加强施工期间的管理，严防外来种入侵，开展生态监测。

Investigation and Impact Assessment on Current Ecological Environment along the Proposed Tang-Tun Expressway

The proposed Tangkou-Tunxi expressway is located in Huangshan city, lies near and outside the Huangshan Mountain Landscape protected area. Part of the project alignment passes through the Tianhu Province Nature Reserve. By fieldwork and remote sensing analysis, researcher knew that the section from starting point to Batang village belongs to mountain forest ecosystem, and the main vegetations of this area are artificial forest, secondary forest, shrubbery and tea garden. The section from Batang village to end point belongs to plain agriculture ecosystem. The total cover degree of tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer is beyond 85%. The plant standing biomass is about 370000t of the area within 500m on both sides of the proposed expressway. The biomass loss will be 12000t for the Land occupation. There are 32 ancient trees whose age beyond 100y distributing in the area within 500m on both sides of the proposed expressway. The project area is unlikely to have plant species under the national Class 1 protection list. The area have 12 plant species under national Class 2 protection list. According to the field investigation and historical information collected, the area may however have 5 animal species under national Class 1 protection list and 27 animal species under national Class 2 protection list. Part of the project alignment passes through the buffer area and experiment area of the Tianhu Province Nature Reserve by a long tunnel and bridges. Author believed that these tunnel and bridges will serve as corridors for wild animals, and they will suffer relatively lower impact caused by the proposed expressway. To protect the ecological environment, we should strengthen the management and supervision during the construction phase, take strict precautions against exotic species and enforce ecological monitoring.