西北太平洋热带气旋中大风和波浪分布特征

为给航行船舶有效避离热带气旋提供参考,利用日本发布的2011—2013年亚洲地面分析图和西北太平洋波浪分析图,对发生在西北太平洋上的61个热带气旋的大风和波浪分布特征进行统计分析.主要结论:热带气旋的近中心最大平均风速与中心气压存在较好的二次非线性关系;10级以上大风一般以热带气旋为中心呈对称分布,7级以上大风以热带气旋为中心呈不对称分布的居多,7级以上大风最大范围一般出现在热带气旋前进方向的右半圆;10级以上大风圈平均半径为73.5 n mile,7级以上大风圈平均半径为187.9 n mile;热带气旋中的最大波高中心与热带气旋中心一般不重合,最大波高中心和4 m浪最大范围主要出现在热带气旋前进方向的右半圆,特别是右后半圆;最大波高中心与热带气旋中心平均距离为93 n mile左右,4 m等波高线与热带气旋中心平均距离为235 n mile左右.

Distribution characteristics of wind and wave in tropical cyclone of Western North Pacific

In order to provide reference for ships to effectively avoid the tropical cyclone, the wind and wave distribution characteristics of 61 tropical cyclones on Western North Pacific are statistically analyzed on the basis of the Asian Surface Analysis Charts and the Western North Pacific Wave Analysis Charts issued by Japan from 2011 to 2013. The results are as follows. There exist better quadratic nonlinear relation between the maximum average wind speed near the center and the central pressure of the tropical cyclone. Generally, the wind distribution of wind force 10 and above is symmetrical around the center of the cyclone; the wind distribution of wind force 7 and above is mostly not symmetrical around the center of the cyclone, and the maximum wind range of wind force 7 and above generally appears in the right semicircle of the forward direction of the tropical cyclone. The average wind radius of wind force 10 and above is 73.5 n mile and the average wind radius of wind force 7 and above is 187.9 n mile. The maximum wave height center is not coincident with the tropical cyclone center. The maximum wave height center and the maximum range of the 4 m waves usually appear in the right semicircle of the forward direction of the tropical cyclone, especially in the back half of the right semicircle. The average distance between the maximum wave height center and the tropical cyclone center is about 93 n mile. The average distance between the 4 m wave line and the tropical cyclone center is about 235 n mile.