The application of sameness analysis to spelling

Three curricular approaches to spelling instruction are discussed: (1) whole word, (2) phonemic, and (3) morphemic. Sameness analysis is used to indicate the theoretical potential of each approach for helping students with learning disabilities to achieve generalization in their spelling. The influence of generalization upon retention and transfer is also discussed. In light of weak empirical evidence to support these approaches, it is recommended that promising instructional programs be piloted prior to adoption. Some cautious practical recommendations are offered for analytically evaluating spelling programs under consideration for piloting.