日本国立大学通识教育改革动向与争议

近年来,为了提高国际竞争力,日本国立大学尝试以改革通识教育为核心的本科教育改革.这次通识教育改革浪潮主要包括:四年一贯制的大学通识教育模式、通识教育国际化的再重视、人文社会学科政策性削减.其中,四年一贯制的大学通识教育模式代表了日本大学通识教育和专业教育从对立割裂的状态走向了相互统一;通识教育国际化的背后体现了日本国家和学校层面重视国际化发展与学生个体本土化发展需求之间的矛盾;人文社会学科的削减体现了日本行政当局的功利主义和人文主义之间的矛盾.

The Trends and Debates on General Education Reforms in Japanese National Universities

Aiming to improve the international competitiveness, Japanese national universities are recently making efforts to improve undergraduate education by focusing on reforming the general education. These waves of general education reforms show the following three trends: "four-year model for general education", "the reemphasis on the internationalization of general education", and "the policy of abolishing and converting on humanities and social sciences". Behind these three reform trends, "the four-years model for general education"represents that Japanese universities' general education has transformed from separation to unification; the context of "the reemphasis on the internationalization of general education" reflects the contradiction between the international development at government level and the needs of localization at students' level; and "the policy of abolishing and converting on humanities and social sciences" also reflects the contradiction between the utilitarianism and humanism of the Japanese administration.