论况周颐对王鹏运“重拙大”词学观的改造

王鹏运的“重拙大”词学观有浓厚常州词派诗教气息 ,况周颐改造了王氏的“重拙大”。王氏的“重”指凝重沈著 ,强调气格 ,况氏变凝重沈著为厚重致密 ,坚持了词的阴柔特点。王氏的“拙”指一种自然流露的表现手法 ,又有两个层次 ,从师法自然到妙造自然 ,这为况氏所接受。王氏的“大”指比兴寄托 ,要求寄托邦国大事 ,而不顾及词的抒写个人情感的特点 ,况氏变寄托邦国大事为寄托个人情感与性灵 ,使得寄托说由言志趋向缘情。况氏改造过的“重拙大”可以用来总结传统词学。

On KUANG Zhou-yi's Reformation of WANG Peng-yun's Viewpoints of Ci-"Zhong , Zhuo, Da"

WANG Peng yun's viewpoints on Ci (poetry written to certain tunes with strict tonal patterns and rhyme scheme,in fixed numbers of lines and words),“Zhong,Zhuo,Da” has a strong flavour of poetry teaching of the Changzhou Ci school but KUANG Zhou yi reformed them.WANG's "Zhong" referred to being deep and forceful,emphasizing momentum while KUANG interpreted it as being rich and heavy,fine and close in structure,insisting on soft characteristic of Ci .WANG's "Zhuo" referred to a naturally expressive method with the two levels of imitating and vividly creating the nature,which was accepted by KUANG .WANG's "da" referred to metaphorical hopes,requiring placing hopes on national affairs rather than expressing individual emotional characteristics while KUANG emphasized the latter.The reformed KUANG's "zhong,zhuo,da" can be used to summarize the traditional Ci .