Infants in group care: Patterns of despair and detachment |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Social Medicine, Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria;4. Medical University Innsbruck, Austria;3. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Food Safety, Austria;5. Office of the Provincial Government of Tyrol (Amt der Tiroler Landesregierung), Innsbruck, Austria;1. Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria;2. WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark;1. Center for Energy Technologies, AU-Herning, Aarhus University, Birk Centerpark 15, DK-7400 Herning, Denmark;2. Vermont Law School, Institute for Energy & the Environment, PO Box 96, 164 Chelsea Street, South Royalton, VT 05068-0444, United States;1. Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy;2. e-BioCenter, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy;3. Società Estense Servizi Ambientali (S.E.S.A. S.p.A.), Via Comuna, 5/B, 35042 Este, PD, Italy;4. INERIS, National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risk Assessment, CS 10440 F-13592 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 03, France |
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| Abstract: | Ninety nine infants were observed at entry into child care and at 3-month intervals during the first 6 months. We examined changes in relations among indices of adjustment and caregiver behaviors and which entry variables predict patterns of 6-month adjustment. Toy play shows no systematic relation with infant affective behavior at entry, yet 6 months later it is associated with positive affect and reduced social involvement. Caregiver interaction also changes; after 6 months expressive children receive more and different forms of attention than do nonexpressive children. Bowlby's (1969) account of institutionalized infants was used to identify different patterns of adjustment. Despair-like infants were distressed, immobilized, and self-soothing at entry. Infants who were detachment-like (i.e., object centered, happy, and socially unengaged after 6 months) received less attention from caregivers at entry. Some 6-month patterns have their roots in temperament dispositions, with differential outcomes determined largely by caregiver responsiveness. |
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