IJVs非正式控制、知识转移与技术创新能力研究

本文以控制理论、资源交换理论以及组织学习理论为基础，研究了非正式控制对企业技术创新能力的影响，探讨了知识转移在其中的中介作用和组织学习能力的调节作用。采用问卷调查的方法，收集了174家IJVs的有效问卷。通过逐步层次回归法、验证性因素分析和被调节的中介模型等方法，验证了本文提出的模型。研究表明，非正式控制对隐性知识转移以及企业技术创新具有显著的正向作用；隐性知识转移在非正式控制和企业技术创新之间起到了完全中介作用；组织学习能力在非正式控制与隐性知识转移以及隐性知识转移与企业技术创新之间起到了调节作用。

A research on informal control,knowledge transfer and technological innovation capability of IJVs

In recent years, along with the accelerating process of economic globalization, multinational management has become a trend. Foreign companies in the form of direct investment into a new country, is the main mode of transnational operation. International joint ventures have attracted much attention for their economic, technological and managerial contributions to national development. In the research of international joint ventures, management control has been the research hotspot and difficult point. Previous research was done from the perspective of formal control, such as equity control, strategic control, and operational control. These studies are mainly about the parent company in host country under the condition of weak, how to control and promote enterprise performance improvement. However, as more and more international joint ventures break down, it is recognized that formal controls, such as equity control and operational control, are not as effective as imagined. Especially in face of the technology blockade of foreign parent company, formal control would get into trouble. When people rethink the management status of international joint ventures, informal control with its control means of moderate, easy to accept, far-reaching and other advantages have been concerned about.Although some literature have studied the impact of management control on the technological innovation of enterprises, few have focused on the impact of informal control about technological innovation. This paper argues that either formal or informal control itself can not directly play a role in enterprise technological innovation. There is a black box between the control and technological innovation. Based on the control theory, resource exchange theory and learning theory, this paper examines the impact of informal control on the technological innovation capacity of enterprises, and explores the mediating role of knowledge transfer and the regulatory role of organizational learning. Informal control has an impact on the technological innovation capability of enterprises through knowledge transfer, and this intermediary effect is stronger when the learning ability of the organization is stronger. Based on this, this paper proposes a model of organizational learning ability mediating effect knowledge transfer, namely moderated mediation model. In research design section, 174 valid international joint ventures′ questionnaire were collected, confirmatory factor analysis, step by step hierarchical regression method and moderated mediation model methods were used to validation of the model proposed in this paper.Firstly, through the empirical analysis of the hypothesis model, the value of the standardized path coefficient indicates that the informal control has a positive impact on the technological innovation capability of the enterprise. The parent company strengthens the informal control of the joint venture through culture, trust, commitment and communication, thus promoting the technological innovation capability of the joint venture company. The effect of informal control on explicit knowledge transfer is not significant, the parent company′s informal control of the joint venture has no significant impact on the acquisition of explicit knowledge of the joint venture. Informal control has a positive impact on the tacit knowledge transfer of the company, the parent company strengthens the informal control of the joint venture through communication and other means, which is conducive to the digestion and absorption of tacit knowledge of the joint venture. Explicit knowledge transfer has a positive impact on the technological innovation capability of enterprises, the improvement of explicit knowledge learning, such as technical level, is conducive to the improvement of technological innovation capability of enterprises. Tacit knowledge transfer has a positive impact on technological innovation capabilities. The transfer of tacit knowledge enables the joint venture company to learn more management methods, quality awareness, and service spirit, thus promoting the technological innovation capability of the enterprise.Secondly, this paper uses the stepwise hierarchical regression method to test the mediating effect. Since the effect of informal control on dominant knowledge transfer is not significant, explicit knowledge transfer cannot be studied as a mediating effect. The informal control has a significant effect on tacit knowledge transfer and tacit knowledge transfer also plays a significant role in technological innovation of enterprises, which is in line with the three preconditions of intermediary testing. Therefore, it is only necessary to test the mediating effect of tacit knowledge transfer. After adding the tacit knowledge transfer of the intermediate variable in the experimental model, the effect of informal control on the technological innovation ability of the enterprise is no longer significant, and the tacit knowledge transfer of the intermediary variable still has a significant positive effect on the technological innovation capability of the enterprise. It shows that tacit knowledge transfer mediates the relationship between informal control and enterprise technological innovation, and it was a complete intermediary.Thirdly, in order to verify whether the mediation effect is regulated, this paper validates the adjusted mediation model in the same analytical framework containing mediation and regulation effects based on the principle of regression analysis. The results show that when the organizational learning ability is low, the mediating effect of tacit knowledge transfer is not significant, and when the organizational learning ability is high, the mediating role of tacit knowledge transfer is significant. Therefore, organizational learning capability regulates the effect of informal control on tacit knowledge transfer and tacit knowledge transfer on enterprise technological innovation. The stronger organizational learning ability, the stronger the effect of informal control on tacit knowledge transfer and tacit knowledge transfer on enterprise technological innovation. And the positive effect of informal control on explicit knowledge transfer is not significant. Therefore, the mediator model and the moderating model with explicit knowledge transfer are not established.Finally, by studying the relationship between informal control, knowledge transfer and enterprise technology innovation, this paper puts forward relevant suggestions on the management practices of IJVs and Chinese parent companies from three aspects. that is to strengthen the informal control of joint ventures, improve the organizational learning ability of joint ventures, and provide the establishment of corporate culture. This study makes up for the deficiency of informal control in the control theory, organizational learning theory and resource exchange theory. At the same time, the mechanism of influence of informal control on the technological innovation ability of enterprises is clarified, which provides theoretical reference for the parent company to obtain the control right and technological innovation ability of the joint venture company.