中世纪西欧商业状况及衰落原因

中世纪西欧商业意识在民众中没有根基,王权弱小和领主之间的争斗使社会动荡不安,商路失修,商人遭劫,商业环境恶劣.造成商业衰落的原因有两个方面,其一是穆斯林对西欧基督教世界封锁了地中海,西欧对外贸易联系被切断;其二是北欧人的入侵和长期的劫掠,使原本存在的地区性贸易遭受沉重打击,西欧内地的商业也萎缩了.

The situation of commerce of Western Europe in the Middle Ages and the reasons for decline

The consciousness of commerce of Western Europe in the Middle Ages had no base in the masses of the people, the weakness of royal power and the wars between feudal lords made the society turbulent. The roads of trade always lacked maintenance, and the merchants were ever robbed often, which made the atmosphere of trade very adverse. The reasons for the decline of commerce were in two sides: Firstly, the Muslim blocked the Mediterranean to the Western Europe, the connections of trade between Western Europe and the external world were cut off; Secondly, the invasion and long period plunder by the Norse which made a heavy blow to regional trade which has lived long before, then the inland trade decline also.