论英汉介词与介词短语的异同

英汉介词与介词短语有相似之处：介词在句法中都起定位、粘着作用；介词短语的主要句法功能都是用作状语。不同之处是：在句法结构方面，英语介词与介词短语的句法特征说明英语语法以形统意；汉语介词与介词短语的句法特征说明汉语语法以意治形。在句法功能方面，英语介词短语的语序不影响句子的语意；汉语介词短语的语序决定句子的语意。英汉表示时间与地点的介词短语的语序反映了两个民族认知方式的差异。

An Analysis of Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases between English and Chinese

There are similarities between English and Chinese prepositions and prepositional phrases： the main functions of prepositions are locating the nominal phrases. Prepositional phrases are mainly used as adverbials. There also exist some dissimilarities：in English, the words and phrases that follow prepositions are usually nominal phrases,which show sentence elements are closely related with parts of speech and that sentences are linked mainly by formal connectives. In Chinese, the words and phrases that follow prepositions may be nouns, verbs and adjectives,which show sentence elements are not closely related to parts of speech and that sentences are linked mainly by meaning, rather than formal connectives. The positions of prepositional phrases in English are not very important, which will not affect the meaning of sentences; whereas the positions of those in Chinese are of great importance,which do affect the meaning of sentences. Moreover, the positions of prepositional phrases of time and place reflect different cognitive approaches between English and Chinese.