以"资源共享"推进县域义务教育优质均衡发展:动因、问题与对策

在教育优质均衡发展进程中,县域内义务教育资源共享可以克服优质资源短缺和不均衡的困境,进而达到“节省成本”和“质量提升”的双重目的。但当前县域内教育资源共享依然不足,通过对西北三省四县的实证调查发现:教师资源共享整体不足且教学点问题最为突出、校际共享教育经费过程中对教学资源投入不足、教育物力资源共享缺失且校际呈现等级差异。其主要原因在于:教育优质均衡发展中公平与效率冲突导致共享理念被忽视;现行农村义务教育财政管理体制不完善,导致校际共享缺乏资源基础;教育资源共享机制缺失,导致共享主体间博弈难消除;学校布局过于分散,导致校际资源共享可达性较低。因此,各级政府应从建立共享理念、完善财政管理体制、构建教育资源共享机制、优化学校布局等方面着手,有效促进县域教育资源共享,推动义务教育优质均衡发展。

High Quality and Balanced Development of Compulsory Education in the County Territory through the Sharing of Educational Resources:Motivations,Problems and Strategies

In the process of the high quality and balanced development of education,the sharing of resources of compulsory education in the county territory could help to overcome the difficulties of resource shortage and unbalanced distribution,and further achieve dual goals(i.e.,cost saving and quality improvement).However,what is still lacking is the sharing of educational resources in the county territory,which could be evidenced in our survey in four typical counties of three Northwest Provinces:the sharing of teacher’s resource is deficient on the whole,especially for the teaching units(i.e.,small scale schools in remote villages);the investment in teaching resources is insufficient in the process of financial resources sharing;material resources sharing is lacking and hierarchical differences exist among three types of schools.The reasons involve that:the conflict between equity and efficiency during the balanced development of compulsory causes the neglect of the idea of“sharing”;the imperfection of current financial and administration system of rural compulsory education results in the shortage of resource bases for sharing;the fact that the mechanism of resource sharing has not been established generates the game between schools which act as sharing subjects;the scatter distribution of rural schools causes the lower accessibility of resource sharing.Based on this,the governments at all levels should make more efforts in terms of establishing the sharing of ideas,setting up institutional building,constructing the sharing mechanism,as well as optimizing the school mapping.