华北平原地下水的功能特征与功能评价

本文针对华北地下水评价中偏重资源而对地下水的生态功能和地质环境功能重视不足的问题，立足于华北平原地下水系统，从地下水的自然属性切入，以综合发挥地下水的资源功能、生态功能和地质环境功能为目标，应用系统论和层次分析法，提出了地下水功能的基本理念及其评价关键技术，包括如何构建评价指标体系和评价成果区划应用分析方法，将地下水的资源供给功能、生态维持功能和地质环境稳定功能统一在水循环系统中科学评价，以达到充分发挥地下水主要功能的综合效益最佳的目标。最后，以华北滹沱河流域作为示范区进行实证分析，结果表明，本文提出的评价方法具有很强的实用性，可划分以资源功能为主或以地质环境功能保护为主的适宜区域，这为调控区域地下水的资源功能与地质环境功能之间矛盾方面提供重要的科学基础。

Assessment of Groundwater Function in North China Plain

In the past decades, the assessment on groundwater disaster was carried out with more emphases on its resource attributes rather than its ecological and geological environment function in North China plain, which led to many environmental problems. To comprehensively realize groundwater resource function, ecological function and geological environment function and focuse on the natural attributes of groundwater system, we used the regional water cycle theory, systematology and the analytic hierarchy process method (AHP) to develope the primary concepts and methodology of groundwater function assessment, including rules, criteria, mathematic method and indicator system. Then a case study was carried out in the catchment of Hutuohe river basin as the typical area of North China Plain, by which the connotation of groundwater function was enriched and the regionalization method was improved. Although the methodology discussed in this paper has already been adopted by the China Geological Survey in The Technical Requirements of the Investigation and Assessment of National Groundwater Resource and the Relevant Environmental Problems(No.2), it should be pointed out that groundwater function assessment is a new subject in China and there are still many conresponding problems that need solving, so the theory and methodology should be tested and improved in vast practice. Only in this way could the theory and methodology become more concrete for assessing groundwater and social economy development. The purpose of this paper is to collect advices or directions from hydrogeological experts. The assessment on groundwater function has greatly progressed in the neglected problems of groundwater ecological and geological environment from unreasonable exploitation of groundwater in North China. But there are some problems about how to understand and choose the attribute index of the assessment system of groundwater function, which affect assessment results. To understand and choose the attribute index is of great importance to the assessment results, because the attribute index is the core index of the assessment system of the groundwater function. The constitution, primary concepts, characteristic and meanings of the attributive index of groundwater function assessment system has been expounded in this paper.