明代易州山厂略论

明代为了获取燃料，明朝政府曾在山林资源丰富的山区开设山厂，采伐木植以烧制柴炭。易州地处北京西南部的太行山区，自古以来山林资源就极为丰富，且距离京城较近，因而成为理想的柴炭采办地。明代在此开设易州山厂，并设立提督易州山厂一职专门负责管理柴炭采办事宜。易州山厂自宣德年间设立，直至嘉靖初年，期间经历多次地点迁移和管理体制上的变革，且一直是明代内府柴炭的主要来源地。得益于易州山厂的发展，很大程度上解决了明代京城的柴炭供应问题。而易州山厂对明代边地生态、防务的危害，以及由此产生的一系列管理体制上的弊端，也是不可忽视的。

A BRIEF DISCUSSION ON THE YIZHOU HILL FACTORY IN THE MING DYNASTY

In the Ming Dynasty, in order to obtain fuel, the Ming government has set up the hill factory in the mountain abound with forest resources, and cut the trees to make charcoal. Yizhou is located in the Taihang Mountains, southwestern Beijing.The forest resources are extremely rich and very close to capital,thus become the ideal origin of the charcoal. The Ming Dynasty opened Yizhou Hill Factory here, and made the governor in charge of charcoal procurement matters. Though from the establish-ment in Xuande to the beginning of Jiajing, Yizhou Hill Factory has been through many changes of the place and management system, it always has been the main source of the charcoal in Ming Dynasty. Thanks to the development of the Hill Factory, to a large extent, it solved the problem of the supply of charcoal in Ming Dynasty, however, what can not be ignored is that the hazard to the environment and defense,and a series of problems of management system caused by the factory.