社会记忆理论视角下档案鉴定的本质回归与理论突围

档案价值鉴定论作为档案鉴定理论是诞生以来认可最普遍的档案学思想,从档案的保存价值、价值判别主体、判别标准、价值内容等多个方面,逐步揭示了档案鉴定的一般规律,在中外档案鉴定的历史实践和现实工作中得到普遍遵循。但是,价值鉴定论把档案的“保存价值”建立在档案“未来用户需求”的基础上,不仅超出了档案工作者的能力极限和实践操作的可行性,而且使档案鉴定陷入“主观臆测”的悖论。对此,档案鉴定应立足于鉴定环节的基本职能,从档案作为“社会记忆”的本质出发,以档案的社会记忆作用为鉴定依据和标准,判别文件的“保存价值”,从主客体和主客观方面建构档案记忆鉴定理论。

The Essence Returning and Theoretical Breakthrough of Archival Appraisal in Perspective of Social Memory Theory

The archives value appraisal theory, which has been considered as the most widely accepted thoughts on archival science since the birth of archival appraisal theory, has gradually revealed the general rules of archival appraisal from aspects of preservative value of archives, value subject, judgment criterion, value content and so on, and is generally followed in the historic practice and practical work of archival appraisal. However, the archives value appraisal theory builds the preservation value on the future user requirements of archives, which exceeds the ability and practical feasibility of archivists, and makes the archives appraisal fall into the paradox of subjective conjecture. At this point, standing on the basic functions of appraisal process and the archives essence of being social memory, the archives appraisal should identify the preservative value of files by the basis and standards of social memory of archives, and construct the theory of archival memory appraisal from both subjective and objective perspectives.