功利主义评析——兼论社会转型中社会公平问题

功利主义以趋乐避苦的自然主义人性论为理论基础;以个体行为及其目的为理论出发点和归宿;以功用和效果为道德行为的评价标准;以最大幸福主义的最高道德标准为公正原则。功利主义包含有某些合理的因素,可供我们借鉴,但它立足于私有制的社会现实,对个人、社会以及个人与社会关系的抽象理解,决定它不可能使个人利益与公共利益、功利与公平现实地结合起来。当前,我国正处于社会转型时期,“效率优先,兼顾公平”的原则仍是指导社会主义市场经济良性运行的合理选择。

An Analysis of Utilitarianism--Commenting on the social justice in social transformation

Utilitarianism takes the idea of natural humanity, which seeks comfort and shirk bitterness, as its theoretical basis. It takes the individual behavior and aim as the theoretical starting point and the final settling place; it takes utility and effect as the standard to evaluate moral behavior; and it takes the highest moral standards of maximum happiness as the principle of justice. Utilitarianism includes some reasonable factors and can be made use of by us. However, it is impossible for it to combine the individual interests with the public ones and to combine the utility with justice realisticly because it is based on the social reality of private ownership and on the abstract understanding of individuals, society and relationship between individual and society. At present, China is in the period of the social transformation. The principle of "Efficiency first, considering justice" is still the sound choice to guide the virtuous operation of socialist market economy.