青海省农村饮水安全及区域差异原因分析

本文应用青海省水利厅主持调查的2009年度青海省人口数据、饮水不安全人口数据,以及青海省县级土地面积、财政收入、耕地面积、降水量、海拔等数据,利用ArcGis软件建立青海省农村地区饮水安全地理信息系统,绘出青海省农村地区农牧民饮水不安全人口的数量及不安全率分布图,利用SPSS软件从自然条件、人口经济、社会文化等方面解读造成青海省农村地区饮水安全现状和区域间差异的原因。研究结果显示:青海省农村地区的饮水不安全问题依然值得认真对待,2009年饮水不安全人口达到总人口的25%,其中饮水不安全人口分布比较集中的区域为:青海省的东部、东南部地区以及玉树州的东南部地区;饮水不安全率比较高的区域为:青海省的南部地区,即三江源地区。

Regional Differences in Rural Drinking Water Insecurity across Qinghai Province

The purpose of this study was to probe into the relationship between various conditions and drinking water insecurity in rural areas across Qinghai Province. We analyzed the distribution of the population with access to insecure drinking water and the population rate with insecure drinking water to explore regional differences in drinking water insecurity in rural areas across Qinghai Province. A stepwise regression method was used to construct models of populations with insecure drinking water and population ratio and the factors driving these. Data used included the county population estimates for Qinghai Province in 2009, county populations using insecure drinking water in 2009, land area, arable land area, revenue in 2009, average annual precipitation and elevation for each county. Using ArcGIS 9.3, we found that the population with insecure drinking water in rural areas in Qinghai Province in 2009 was 1.27 million people, accounting for one quarter of the total provincial population. The population using insecure drinking water was distributed mainly in eastern and south-eastern Qinghai and south-east of Yushu. The main factors affecting the size of the population with insecure drinking water were arable land area, population, revenue and altitude. The area with the highest population rate using insecure drinking water was southern Qinghai and the main variables affecting drinking water insecurity in this area were area and elevation.