我国创客教师的实践领域与能力结构——基于行为事件访谈和扎根理论的研究

创客教育是一种以造物为形式的工程教育,旨在培养能利用各种技术手段与方法把创意转化成真实产品的人才。创客教育的新要求对创客教师的实践活动和能力结构提出新的挑战。为了进一步廓清我国创客教师的实践领域与能力结构,对来自10个省份且具有两年以上创客教育经验的38名教师进行行为事件访谈,并应用扎根理论方法对59万字的访谈资料进行三级编码,结果发现:我国创客教师的实践领域主要包括制定学校创客规划、实施学校创客教学、指导学生创客竞赛、建设与维护创客空间、参与与引领专业发展等5个方面。经过对每一项实践活动所对应的能力及其子能力进行分析、汇总、调整、合并,最终形成了包括创客规划能力、创客教学能力、竞赛指导能力、空间建设能力和专业发展能力等5项一级能力及其对应的13项二级能力的创客教师能力结构体系。这一针对我国创客教师的本土化探索对指导当下和未来我国创客教育实践的开展,创客教师的培养、选拔和评估具有借鉴意义。

Practice Fields and Ability Structure of Chinese Maker Teachers:Based on Behavioral Event Interview and Grounded Theory

Maker education is a kind of engineering education in the form of creation,which aims to cultivate talents who can use various technical means and methods to transform ideas into real products.The new requirements of maker education pose new challenges to the practice activities and ability structure of maker teachers.In order to further clarify the practice fields and ability structure of Chinese maker teachers,we conducted behavioral incident interviews with 38 teachers with more than 2 years of maker education experience from 10 provinces,and code the interview data of 590,000 words with the grounded theory method.The results found that the practice fields of Chinese maker teachers mainly include five aspects:formulating school maker plans,implementing school maker teaching,guiding students in maker competitions,building and maintaining maker spaces,and participating in and leading professional development.After analyzing,summarizing,adjusting,and merging the abilities and sub-competencies corresponding to practice activities,it finally formed the maker teachers’ability system,which includes 5 first-level abilities(such as maker planning ability,maker teaching ability,competition guidance ability,space construction ability and professional development ability)and the corresponding 13 second-level abilities.This exploration of localization for Chinese maker teachers has significance for guiding the current and future development of Chinese maker education practice,as well as the cultivation,selection and evaluation of maker teachers.