量子力学中的态叠加原理

P.A.M.Dirac在他的名著《量子力学原理》中关于"电子同时通过两个狭缝"的观点,一直受到人们的批评.对它的理解必然涉及到"电子是否会‘分裂’?"的问题,从而引发了许多歧义和悖论.通常量子力学教科书和研究专著对这个问题一般不做深入分析,造成了很多人对量子力学理论基础的怀疑.这个问题的正确理解与量子力学的"态叠加原理"有关.量子现象表现出许多与宏观现象不同的、新的特点,只有承认它们,并且把它"翻译"成我们所能理解的经典语言去表述它们,我们才有可能得到对微观现象的完整描述.

The Principle of Superposition of States in Quantum Mechanics

The view-point that "electron goesthrough two slils at the sametime",put forward by P.A.M.Dirac in his master piece The Principle of Quantum Mechanics is always argued and the question "can the electron be split?" will be considered naturally,arousing many diffrent meanings or paradox.Usually,such issue is not analyzed intensively,leading to many people's suspicion on the base of quantum theory.To understand above issue is related with "the pinciple of of states" in quantum mechanics.Compering with macroscopic phenomenon,there are many diffrent,new features in quantum phnomenon.We could get a integrated formulation of microscopic phenomenon only when we had recognized these features in quantum phenomenon and "translated" with classicalanguage to illustrate.