Age,sex, and racial differences in harsh physical punishment: Results from a nationally representative United States sample |
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| Institution: | 1. Applied Health Sciences Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;2. Departments of Community Health Sciences, Psychiatry, and Family Social Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;3. Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;4. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;5. Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;1. Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;2. Center for Social Research, University of Hartford, 260 Girard Ave, Hartford, CT 06105, USA;1. Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC;2. Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA;4. School of Social and Family Dynamics, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ;1. School of Social Work, Boston University, 264 Bay State Road, Boston, MA, 02215, United States;2. Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Study and Human Development, Tufts University, 105 College Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, United States;1. Richard H. Calica Center for Innovation in Children and Family Services, Juvenile Protective Association, Chicago, Ill;2. Division of Emergency Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children''s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill;3. Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill;4. Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Ky;5. Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children''s Hospital Medical Center, Ohio;1. Universidad de La Sabana, Department of Psychology, Campus Universitario Puente del Común, Km,7 autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Colombia;2. Resarch Group on Child and Adolescent Victimization (GReVIA), Universitat de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d’Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain |
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| Abstract: | The purpose of this research was to examine age, sex, and racial differences in the prevalence of harsh physical punishment in childhood in a nationally representative sample of the United States. Data were from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) collected in 2004 and 2005 (n = 34,653). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine age, sex, and racial differences in the prevalence of harsh physical punishment. Results suggest that the prevalence of harsh physical punishment has been decreasing among more recently born age groups; however, there appear to be sex and racial differences in this trend over time. The magnitude of the decrease appears to be stronger for males than for females. By race, the decrease in harsh physical punishment over time is only apparent among Whites; Black participants demonstrate little change over time, and harsh physical punishment seems to be increasing over time among Hispanics. Prevention and intervention efforts that educate about the links of physical punishment to negative outcomes and alternative non-physical discipline strategies may be particularly useful in reducing the prevalence of harsh physical punishment over time. |
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| Keywords: | Child maltreatment Harsh physical punishment Cohort effects Age effects Racial/ethnic differences Sex differences |
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