民国海军人才危机及其应对方略

为了应对海防和海权的双重危机，民国政府着力建设一支能够足以抵御外侮和维护海权的现代化海军。海军人才培养是民国海军建设的重要组成部分。民国政府通过改造旧学堂、创办新学校以及选派留学生等途径培养具有勇敢强毅之精神且掌握现代化军事技能的新型复合型应用人才。各海军学校在汲取本国传统人才培养经验的基础上效法西方海军人才的培养模式、确立培养目标和规格、选择教学内容和课程体系、制定评估标准和管理制度。相比晚清而言，民国海军人才培养成效显著，为海军建设奠定了基础，在抗日战争中发挥了重要作用。民国海军人才培养依然面临着观念束缚、体制羁绊、财政支绌等困境，进而制约了海军人才培养的规模和质量。民国海军人才培养的经验教训对当今中国海军建设依然有启示意义。

The Talent Crisis of the Navy in the Republic of China and Its Countermeasures

In order to deal with the dual crisis of coastal defense and marine rights, the authority of the Republic of China made great efforts to build a modern navy capable of resisting foreign aggression and maintaining the rights in territorial seas as an important part of the navy construction through training applied multitasking talents of brevity and resolution complete with modern military skills by reforming old schools, establishing new schools and selecting students for overseas study. On the experience of traditional naval personnel training in our country, these naval schools imitated the training mode of Western naval talents education in the perspectives of objectives and specifications, teaching contents, curriculum system, evaluation standards, and management system. Compared with the late Qing Dynasty, the training of naval personnel in the Republic of China achieved remarkable efficacy, alleviating the deficiency of naval personnel to a certain extent, and played an important role in the Anti-Japanese War. However, it encountered multiple dilemmas in concepts, systems and the finance, which restricted the scale and quality of the naval personnel training. This provides significant implications for today’s construction of China’s navy.