北宋士大夫言论中的“两个契丹”

关于与北宋对立的契丹(辽),北宋士大夫言论中存在两种截然不同的话语,一种是正面或者说是中性的话语,一种是非正面的话语。在文化上,北宋士大夫认为契丹是蛮夷,持轻视不屑态度;而在现实上却迫于军事实力,不得不承认另一个国家的合法地位,体现了北宋士大夫的传统天下观与现实国家观的矛盾与冲突。同时,通过北宋士大夫关于契丹的两种看似矛盾的看法,可以看出北宋士大夫对于自我文化定位的摇摆心理。

"Two Khitans"in the Speech of Scholars of the Northern Song Dynasty

Regarding the Khitan(Liao),which is opposed to the Northern Song Dynasty,there are two different kinds of meanings in the speeches of scholars of the Northern Song Dynasty.One is positive or neutral,and the other is non-positive.Culturally,the Northern Song Dynasty scholars believed that Khitan was barbarian and held a disdainful attitude.In reality,however,forced by military strength,they had to recognize the legal status of Khitan.This reflects the contradictions and conflicts between the traditional world view and the real country view of the Northern Song Dynasty scholars.At the same time,through the two seemingly contradictory views of the Northern Song Dynasty scholars on Khitan,we can see the swing psychology of the Northern Song Dynasty scholars on cultural self-positioning.