主权者的言说——《君主论》政治学说的解读

马基雅维利的《君主论》在政治思想史的影响巨大,对其解读颇多争议。作为对纯粹实证政治哲学学说的评价,不应当停留在道德与非道德之间的争论,应该将其作为一种中立实证的国家学说即主权者的理论来理解。《君主论》中的君王的道德要求并非把君王看成单纯的“人”,而是将其视为国家主权的化身,因此他的行为评价就不能再是简单的依据道德,而应当以国家的最高利益———安全和稳定为标准。

The Speech of the Representative of Sovereignty

The Prince written by Machiavelli has a great influence on the history of political thoughts.And there are many disputes on it.As the estimation to the theory of the political philosophy of pure demonstration,it should not just be disputed about whether it is moral or not.Instead we should try to understand it on the basis of the nonaligned national theory— the theory of the representative of sovereignty.According to The Prince,the morality of the king demands that people should regard their king as the symbol of their national sovereignty instead of a simple "person".So they should judge the king's behaviors according to the standard of the highest interests of the whole nation-security and stability—instead of just judging them according to the moral standard.