劳动力转移对朱鹮保护区周边环境的影响分析

劳动力作为最重要的、能动的生产要素会影响家庭化肥、农药的投入和薪柴的利用,进而间接影响当地环境安全.本研究运用2006年和2011年朱鹮保护区周边8村的215份有效农户调查数据,分别建立劳动力转移对化肥、农药使用量和薪柴采集量影响的Tobit模型,结果显示:在控制了其他因素的情况下,随着家庭外出劳动力个数的增加,单位面积农田化肥使用量减少28.5％,农药使用量减少26.7％,薪柴使用量减少7.3％.随着农村劳动力的转移和城镇化进程,农村生产发展与环境的关系还将不断调整,劳动力转移一定程度上导致家庭生产活动对环境的压力减缓.

The Impact of Labor Migration on the Crested Ibis Protected Environment

Rural migration and urbanization are the most important characteristics shaping China's social and economic transformation. Labor affects the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and fuel wood, and affects the local environmental indirectly, all of which can impact crested ibis habitat. We conducted household surveys around Qinling Nature Reserve in Shaanxi in July 2007, and investigated crested ibis protection in Yang County(Hanzhong) and Ningshan County (Ankang), Shaanxi in January 2011. The results prove that labor migration affects the regional environment. For every increase in a labor transferred unit, the quantity of fertilizer, pesticides and fuel wood decreases by 28.5%, 26.7% and 7.3%, respectively. Family size has a positive effect on firewood collection; income per capita has a relatively negative effect on firewood collection; and dry farmland area and economic forest area have positive effects on pesticide use. The coefficient of paddy field areas was negative. The conclusions of this study have some value for the protection of crested ibis reserves, however, sample data was limited and did not represent all farmers around the protection zone.