运动成瘾症心理学研究

成瘾行为是指试图通过吸毒或进行某些活动人工改变自己的心理状态,逃避现实生活的一种行为。通过逃避方式的不同,分为有药理学,化学药物,非化学药物和行为成瘾。近些年来,研究者主要致力于非药物成瘾的研究,就是行为模式代替化学药物作为依赖。在俄罗斯,第一个提出将非药物成瘾进行分类的是科罗连珂(Korolenko)。他直接指出非药物成瘾如:赌博、人际关系成瘾、性爱成瘾、逃避成瘾、工作狂、消费成瘾、焦急成瘾、中间物质成瘾,包括嗜吃。除了上述所说的成瘾类型之外,还有对电脑和网络有各种依赖,对运动锻炼和其他事物成瘾。

Psychophysiology of Sports Addictions

Addictive behavior is an attempt to escape real life by means of artificial changing one＇s own psychical state by taking drugs or performing certain activities. Depending on the means of the escape, pharmacological or chemical and nonchemical or behavioral addictions may be distinguished. During recent years, researchers focused their attention on nonchemical addictions, in which a behavioral pattern becomes an object of dependence instead of a psychoactive substance. In Russia, the first classification of nonchemical addictions was suggested by Korolenko. He pointed out direct nonchemical addictions, such as gambling, addiction of relationships between individuals, sexual and love addiction, avoidance addiction, ergomania, overspending addiction, and urgent addiction and intermediate addictions, including eating addiction, i.e., either overeating or starvation, which involve biochemical mechanisms. In addition to the above mentioned types of addictions, a substantial number of other nonchemical addictions have been described. Some of them are various dependences on computers or the Internet,addiction to exercises or sports,and others.