贵州省磷石膏渣对乌江汞排放的评估与环保对策

在联合国环境规划署（UNEP）制定的国际《水俣公约》正式生效之前,本文对我国采用传统湿法工艺生产磷酸的废渣磷石膏对水环境污染的形势做了分析;实测了贵州磷石膏悬浊液中重金属含量,发现汞的含量很高。估算了贵州两大磷肥企业磷石膏渣堆向乌江排入悬浊液总量和汞与其它毒重金属的年排量。对全国汞排量最多的贵州省做了汞排结构分析,指出乌江干流水库遭磷石膏污染的严重危害,提出若干相应的环保对策。

Appraisal about Mercury Pollution of Wujiang River from Phosphogypsum in Guizhou Province and Some Suggestions for Environmental Protection

Before the minamata convention established by VNEP came into effect, in present paper the traditional wet process of producing phosphoric acid in China polluting water resource was illustrated. The waste material phosphogypsum bred in wet process caused pollution to water resource and in the suspension liquid of phosphogypsum,the contents of heavymetal were found far high,especially mercury.Total quantities for years of mercury as well as other poisonous heavy metals and suspension liquid of phosphogysum from two large phosphoric factories in Guizhou were appraised. The Structure of mercury emission was also analyzed in Guizhou province, where the mercury drainage quantities were the largest in China. It is indicated that hosphogypsum pollution endangered reservoirs in Wujiang River and some suggestions corresponding to the environmental protection were proposed.