Chemosensory conditioning in molluscs: I. Failure of contextual conditioning in<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hermissenda</Emphasis> |
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Authors: | Iksung?Jin Haojiang?Huang Jae-Il?Kim Email author" target="_blank">Joseph?FarleyEmail author |
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Institution: | (1) Environmental Research Institute of Michigan, P.O. Box 134001, 48113-4001 Ann Arbor, MI, USA;(2) Environmental Research Institute of Michigan, 1101 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1100, 22209 Arlington, VA, USA;(3) Neural Systems Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institute of Health, 20892 Bethesda, MD, USA; |
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Abstract: | Aversive chemosensory conditioning altersHermissenda’s feeding behavior. But opposite behavioral changes have been reported, depending on whether discrete-trial or context-conditioning
paradigms were used, raising questions about the roles of associative and nonassociative processes. We attempted to produce
chemosensory contextual conditioning but failed to do so across a wide range of conditions. In Experiments 1–3, we observed
large, nonspecific bite latency increases to shellfish extracts, regardless of whether they had signaled the presence or absence
of shaking. In Experiment 4, we found that mere exposure to shellfish extract produced latency increases; vestibular stimulation
was unnecessary. In a final experiment, using Y-maze choice tests, we failed to observe selective reductions in animals’ preference
for shellfish paired with shaking. Nonassociative processes stemming from prolonged exposure to concentrated shellfish extracts
appear to be major factors in our failure to demonstrate associative chemosensory contextual conditioning. |
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