默识与体认--熊十力的直觉理论述评

熊十力以心本论为前提,从批判主客二分的思维方式和过份依赖分析技术的缺陷出发,强调要把握真实的存在,必须注重具有整体性、能达到能所合一的直觉方法。与深层心理学把直觉理解为本能、冲动的路数不同,熊十力所理解的直觉是超越理智的高级精神现象,与传统“顿悟”论强调的瞬时性、天启式直觉不同,熊十力反对割断直觉与经验及逻辑思维的关联,注意到“思辨后的直觉”。不过,熊十力最重视的直觉,不是知识的直觉（包括艺术创造和科学发明的直觉）,而是善的直觉,不是如何达到“思辨后的直觉”,而是直觉所得之德性如何在实践中展现为德行。沿着“性修不二”的理路,熊十力的良心表现为直觉论与经验论的某种调和。

On Xiong Shili's Intuitional Theory

Xiong Shili, different from those who used the dichotomous thinking way of subject and object or put undue stress on analytical techniques, emphasized, based on his ontological theory of mind, that it was necessary to pay attention to the intuitive method with integrality so as to comprehend real existence. In inner psychology intuition was understood as instinct or impulse; however, Xiong regarded it as a high - level spiritual appearance transcending intellect. In the traditional doctrine of "sudden enlightenment" intuition was momentary and suddenly enlightening; however, Xiong was against cutting off the connection of intuition with experience and logical thinking, noticing the "intuition after speculation". Moreover, what Xiong paid greatest attention to was intuition of good instead of intuition of knowledge (including intuition of artistic creation and scientific invention) . In other words, what he was concerned with was how to transform moral qualities acquired through intuition into moral actions in practice.