信息共享与共同决策协调策略比较分析

分散控制下的信息共享和集中控制下的共同决策是供应链系统协调的两种重要策略。本文以供应链系统中制造商和零售商之间的Stackelberg博弈模型为基础,研究了随机产品需求条件下信息共享协调与共同决策协调对最优批发价格、最优订货量,以及对制造商、零售商和供应链系统利润的影响,分析了信息共享的条件,提出了共同决策协调下供应链系统利润的两种分割方法:比例系数方法和批发价格协商方法。然后,通过以产品随机需求服从均匀分布情形下模型的计算与仿真进一步证实了理论分析结果。结果表明,信息共享对于制造商而言总是有利的,制造商通过信息共享能够确定其最优产品批发价格并实现其利润最大化,但信息共享的前提是零售商的利润能够得到改善。共同决策协调能够实现供应链系统利润最大化。利润分割系数与批发价格都存在较宽的取值区间可使制造商和零售商在利润分割时能实现"双赢"。供应链系统利润随产品随机需求量期望的增大而增加,随标准差的增大而减小。从供应链系统利润最大化视角来看,共同决策协调优于信息共享协调。

Comparative analysis on coordination strategies between information sharing and joint decision - making

Information sharing under the distributed control and joint decision-making under the centralized control are two important strategies in the supply chain coordination.Based on the Stackelberg game model between manufacturer and retailer in supply chain system,under the condition of stochastic product demand,the effects of information sharing coordination and joint decision-making coordination on optimum wholesale price,optimum order quantity,and profits of manufacturer,and retailer and supply chain system are studied.Then the conditions for information sharing coordination are analyzed,and two partition methods for the profits of supply chain system,that is,scale factor method and wholesale price consultation method are put forward.After that,the analysis results are further confirmed though calculation and simulation with stochstic product demand obeying uniform distribution.The results show that information sharing for manufacturer is always beneficial,and manufacturer is able to find its optimum wholesale price and maximize its profits.The conditions of information sharing are that the retailer profits could be improved.The joint decision-making coordination is able to maximize the profits of supply chain system.There exists wider interval of scale factor and wholesale price for the profits partition,in which the scale factor or the wholesale price is able to be used in order to achieve win-win results of manufacturer and retailer.The profits of supply chain system will increase with the increase of the expectation of the stochastic product demand,and decrease with the increase of standard deviation of that.From the point of view of maximum profit,joint decision-making coordination is better than information sharing coordination.