Scale of Pedagogical Authority Meanings in the classroom (ESAPA) for Ibero-America built on the opinions of teaching students

Students’ perceptions of teachers as authority figures affect teaching-learning processes. This quantitative instrumental study encompasses the design and assessment of the psychometric properties of a Likert scale (the Scale of Pedagogical Authority Meanings in the Classroom¹ –ESAPA) that examines these perceptions. The scale underwent an expert assessment and was applied to 913 university students from four Ibero-American countries. After the factor analyses, the goodness-of-fit indices revealed that the four-factor correlated model fitted the data well. Thus, the scale is a reliable instrument to spot the meanings attributed to pedagogical authority.