社会体制选择——计划和市场的权衡

马克思揭示出的社会化大生产和生产资料私人占有之间的矛盾,即失业和贫富悬殊、经济波动等问题,引起资本主义国家对国家干预和社会保障作用的充分重视;但完全的计划经济也存在一些无法克服的缺陷.北欧国家在生产资料市场配置同时,把剩余价值M中的相当大的份额归国家和社会支配,保证生活必需品的按需分配,被一些学者认为是一种较好的权衡.

The Choice of Regime:A Tradeoff Between Planed and Market Economies

Marx demonstrated the conflict between social production and privately owned means. These problems caused by it such as unemployment, inequality and economy fluctuation have already attracted capitalism countries' full attention to some policies like government intervention and social security system. However, the regime of planned economy also has some crucial defects that cannot be rectified. In the North Europe, the governments guarantee the basic necessity is distributed according to demand by officially possessing the majority of surplus value while allocating the productive material through market, which has been considered as a feasible balance.