高铁驱动下大尺度区域都市圈旅游空间结构优化——以京沪高铁为例

高铁"时空压缩"效应使都市圈旅游辐射范围进一步扩大。以都市圈为基本空间结构单元,分析高铁驱动下大尺度区域旅游空间结构优化具有重要意义。本文运用"核心-边缘"和"板块旅游"空间结构理论,结合京沪高铁线6个都市圈基本特征以及高铁旅游流空间网络结构和空间效应特征,通过节点优化,线状连接和面状拓展等空间优化路径,确定大尺度区域重点旅游发展点、旅游发展轴和旅游地系统,构建不同等级的旅游板块。通过一级核心旅游点和一级旅游地系统的核心扩散作用,将二级旅游板块和三级旅游板块由一、二、三级扩展轴融入一级旅游板块中,最终建构京沪高铁旅游带。高铁"时空压缩"效应使高铁旅游带的各都市圈空间联系增强,应加强都市圈区域旅游合作,进一步发挥高铁扩散效应和叠加效应,促使"旅游高地"不是对"旅游洼地"产生虹吸现象,而是更多发挥"旅游高地"的"溢出效应",带动"旅游洼地"发展,进而实现高铁区域旅游一体化发展的目标。

Optimizing tourist spatial structure for large scale regional metropolitan circles under the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail

Metropolitan circles refers to densely urbanized regions centered around one or several central cities that keep close social and economic contact with nearby towns. The cities and towns in a metropolitan circle are adjacent to each other in geographical space, mutual cooperation in function showing circle structure in form and have a trend of integration. The spatial structure of metropolitan circles develops as the development mode of core-periphery, with a development goal being the realization of regional integration and equalization. Tourist radiation range of metropolitan areas will further expand with the Time-space Compression effect of high-speed rail and strengthen communication between different metropolitan circles along high-speed rail lines. This is of great importance when analyzing optimization of tourist spatial structures of large scale regions under the drive of high-speed rail regarding metropolitan circles as a basic unit of spatial structure. Here, we determined the important tourist development node, axis and resort system and structured the tourist plate with different grades by applying theories of spatial structure involving core-periphery and plate tourism, summarizing the basic characters of six metropolitan circles for the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail, spatial network and spatial effect of tourist flow using optimization of nodes, line connection of and expansion. With the core diffusion influence in both the first class tourist core nodes and first resort systems, the second class tourist plates and third class tourist plates would be integrated into the first tourist plates from the first, second and third class expanded axis; the tourist belt of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail will be structured. In the high-speed rail tourism belt, the effect of Time-space Compression enhanced the spatial contact of various metropolitan circles along the high-speed rail line. Thus, regional cooperation in tourism between metropolitan circles should be strengthened to realize diffusion and superimposed effects. Spillover effects from tourism highlands, rather than siphon phenomenon from tourism highlands to tourism depression, will be promoted. The development of a tourism valley will be realized and achieve the goal of tourist integrative development of the high-speed rail region.