运动员非蛋白能量代谢平衡的研究

目的:探讨现代五项和击剑项目运动员非蛋白能量消耗和能量摄入的特点。方法 选取上海现代五项、击剑优秀运动员，共17人。第1天和第3天清晨空腹测定静息能量代谢 （resting energy expenditure，REE），并进行身体形态检查（身高、体重、体成分）。连续3天填写饮食记录表（dietary record，DR），采用食物称重法计算膳食能量摄入（energy intake，EI）。结果：（1）上海现代五项和击剑项目运动员每天的饮食摄入低于实际能量消耗。（2）现代五项和击剑运动员的非蛋白能量物质摄入量均低于推荐值。（3）在静息状态下，现代五项和击剑运动员的静息能量代谢无明显差异（P=0.935），糖脂供能比均接近1.1：1。（4）现代五项和击剑运动员的日均能量摄入无明显差异（P=0.929），但与推荐糖脂比例相比，现代五项的碳水化合物摄入不足，而击剑运动员的碳水化合物和脂肪摄入比例相对合理。结论：（1）上海现代五项和击剑项目运动员每日的非蛋白能量物质碳水化合物摄入明显不足，需要在饮食中进一步加强补充。（2）现代五项运动员的碳水化合物与脂肪摄入比例需要进一步优化。

Research on Non-protein Energy Metabolism Balance of Athletes

Objective: The main purpose is to discover the features of non-protein energy consumption and energy intake of modern pentathlon and fencing athletes. Method: 17 elite Shanghai athletes of modern pentathlon and fencing were selected as the subjects. On the morning of the first day and the third day, the resting energy expenditure (REE) and body shape (height, weight & body composition) were measured with empty stomach. Dietary record (DR) was filled in for three consecutive days. Energy intake (EI) was calculated by the method of food weighing. Result: (1) The daily dietary intake of Shanghai modern pentathlon and fencing athletes is lower than the actual energy consumption. (2) The non-protein substance energy intake of modern pentathlon and fencing athletes is below the recommended value. (3) In the resting state, there is no obvious difference between the resting energy metabolism of the modern pentathletes and the fencers (P = 0.935). The energy supply proportion of sugar and fat is close to 1.1:1. (4) There is no obvious difference between the daily average energy intake of the modern pentathletes and that of the fencers (P=0.929). But compared to the recommended proportion of sugar and fat, the carbohydrate intake of the modern pentathletes is insufficient, while the proportion of carbohydrate and fat intake of the fencers is relatively reasonable. Conclusion: (1) The daily non-protein substance and carbohydrate intake of the Shanghai modern pentathlon and fencing athletes is apparently insufficient. This should be further strengthened in the diet supplement. (2) The proportion of carbohydrate and fat intake of the modern pentathlon athletes needs to be further optimized.