环境中氡及其子体的危害与防治

氡是自然界中广泛存在的一种天然放射性气体,是人居环境中最直接的污染物,其危害是看不见、摸不着的,氡及其子体是铀、钍等放射性元素产物,是引发肺癌的重要致病因子,氡对人体的辐射伤害占人体所受到的全部环境辐射的55%以上,长期受到氡辐射,会导致肺癌、白血病、皮肤癌及其它呼吸道病变的产生。因此国内外科技界也越来越关注氡的辐射问题,为提高空气品质,保护人体免受辐射危害,本文重点介绍了氡的物理化学性质、环境中氡的来源及浓度水平、各种建筑材料中放射性核素的含量,讨论了通风对室内氡水平的影响,认为依靠住宅建筑和装修完成后的补救措施来防治室内氡危害的效能是有限的,防治室内氡危害的关键措施是从源头上减少氡的来源。

Harm and Prevention of Environmental Radon and Its Daughters

Radon is a natural radiate gas whose harm is invisible and impalpable.It is the main pollution people suffered in habitations.Radon and its daughters are released from uranium,thorium,etc.It is an important cause of the lung cancer in our life.More than 55 % of the harm brought by environmental radiation is from radon.Radon can cause lung cancer,leukemia,albinism and other pathological changes in respiratory tract.To elevating indoor air quality and protecting people from radiations,this paper concentrates on the key measures of controlling the indoor radon hazards,the physical and chemical properties of radon,the influence of ventilation on indoor radon level and the contents of radon in building materials.It is less effective only to employ the remedial measures after construction and decoration of our residence to reduce the indoor radon hazards.The best way to prevent indoor radon harm is to decrease the sources of radon.