从R&D到R&3D:基于全生命周期视角的新能源技术创新分析框架及政策启示

本文从新能源技术创新的规律出发,基于技术生命周期和技术创新过程的视角,分析将R&D拓展为R&3D(研究、开发、示范、推广)的理论基础和政策意义,重点论述示范和推广这两个阶段的技术创新特点。文章认为,在新能源技术创新的示范阶段,由于市场失灵的存在,产生了基础设施的悖论;在推广阶段,由于不确定性的存在,产生了"死亡之谷"和"达尔文之海"的鸿沟。文章指出,政府应当考虑到R&3D各阶段的技术创新特点,制定针对性的公共政策来促进新能源技术创新和产业发展。

From R&D to R&3D: A Framework for New Energy Technology Innovation and Its Policy Implications: Perspective of Full Life Cycle

According to the rules of new energy technology innovation,this article expands the analytical framework of R&D to R&3D(Research,Development,Demonstration,and Deployment) based on the perspective of technology life cycle and technology innovation process.In view of the new framework,the authors analyze the rationale and policy implications of R&3D,especially focus on the stages of demonstration and deployment.It can be found that infrastructure investment presents "chicken-and-egg" dilemma due to market failure in the phase of demonstration,and "valley of death" or "Darwinian Sea" exists due to uncertainties in the phase of deployment.On the basis of theory and practice,this article concludes that the government should take into account the features of new energy technology innovation in light of the framework of R&3D,and the policies should be tailored more and more to accelerate the technology innovation and industry development.