产业集群的生态学模型及生态平衡分析

产业集群与生物种群有着一定的相似性 ,利用种群生态学中研究物种个体间相互关系的理论建立的产业集群内企业间的竞争、互利和上、下游关系的数学模型表明 :产业集群内具有不同关系的成员之间达到均衡的条件是 ,具有竞争关系的集群成员间必须保持一定的差异性 ,不能完全同质 ;具有互利关系的成员间必须保持激烈的竞争 ,彼此之间的依赖程度不能太大。而且 ,产业集群保持生态平衡的条件是 :集群内企业之间必须保持一定的差异性、形成功能完善的分工协作网络 ,保持与外界的物质交流和信息交流 ,形成开放型的生态系统

The Equilibrium of Industrial Clusters: From an Ecological Perspective

An industrial cluster is similar to a species population. The present thesis makes an attempt, by adopting the theory of population ecology, to analyze the competition, mutualism and up-down stream relationship among enterprises in industrial clusters, and build three models to describe them. Then a conclusion is drawn that an equilibrium for the condition of the members in an industrial cluster lies in that the competitive members must be different, and that the mutualism members must be competitive. It has therefore been found that the conditions of an industrial cluster to keep ecological equilibrium are that enterprises in the cluster must differ in products and technologies, form divided-cooperative networks and keep frequent communication with the external world.