深空探测科技制高点上的新焦点：月球水资源

深空探测已经成为科技竞争的制高点。中国探月工程用20年的时间圆满完成“绕、落、回”并升级形成“勘、建、用”的新构想；同时，世界各国的月球探测发展已呈现出常态化和商业化的趋向。月球水资源的探测研究利用引发了各国和航天机构之间的广泛兴趣和激烈竞赛，成为科技制高点上的新焦点。月球水能够帮助揭示地月系统乃至太阳系形成演化的关键过程，是行星科学研究的前沿和学科建设的重要着力点；月球水资源的开发能够为未来的深空探测任务提供燃料和保障人类在月球上长期生存，是各国各机构扩展深化国际合作、共同利用地外资源造福人类的必然选择。文章结合月球水资源的探测研究现状和未来发展趋势，分析我国深空探测工程和行星科学学科发展的机遇与挑战，立足我国国情提出抢占科技制高点的对策与建议。

New frontier in race for deep space exploration: Lunar water resources

Deep space exploration has become the commanding heights of science and technology competition. Since the beginning of the 21st century, China has successfully completed the lunar exploration missions of “orbiting, landing, and returning” in just twenty years, and upgraded to a new roadmap of “survey, construction, and utilization”. Meanwhile, lunar exploration worldwide has shown a trend towards normalization and commercialization. The research on lunar water resources has sparked widespread interest and intense competition among countries and space agencies, marking a new focus in human’s deep space exploration. The exploration of lunar water can help reveal crucial processes in the formation and evolution of the Earth-Moon system and even the entire solar system. It stands as a forefront in planetary science research and a key focus in discipline construction. The development of lunar water resources can provide fuel for future deep space exploration missions and ensure the long-term survival of humans on the Moon. It is an inevitable choice for countries and organizations worldwide to expand and deepen international cooperation, jointly utilizing extraterrestrial resources for the benefit of humanity. Combining the status and future trends of lunar water resource exploration, this study analyzes the opportunities and challenges in China''s deep space exploration program and the development of planetary science disciplines. It proposes strategies and suggestions based on the national context to seize the commanding heights of science and technology competition.