民国时期“书院”概念重塑的历史考察

从二十世纪二十年代开始,书院成为中国现代文化教育机构改革特别是现代学校改革的重要制度和思想资源,书院史研究也随之兴起。这股“书院热”的社会背景是西式学校制度弊病的凸显及其引起的批判和反思,思想背景在于道尔顿制、导师制等西方教育理论的传入,这两方面共同形塑了新的书院概念;同时展开的书院史研究受到这些因素的影响,通过各种方式暂时弥合了新书院概念与书院历史实践之间的割裂,并为新书院概念贡献了历史依据。这一重塑的书院概念成为中国教育史及教育理论中的重要典范,影响一直延续至今。

A Historical Investigation of the Reconstruction of the Concept of Shuyuan in the Republic of China

Since the 1920s,Shuyuan has become an important system and ideological resource for the reform of Chinese modern culture and education institutions,especially for modern schools.The social background for the rise of the“Shuyuan fever”stems from the criticism and reflection on the shortcomings of the Western-style school system.The ideological background is the introduction of educational theories such as the Dalton system and the tutor system.The critique and reflection on the Western-style school system,together with the Dalton system and the tutor system,together shaped the core elements of the connotation of Shuyuan.The research on the history of Shuyuan carried out in the same period was affected by these factors.Through the establishment and interpretation of the Shuyuan model,it temporarily bridged the gap between the new Shuyuan concept and Shuyuan's historical practice.It also contributed to the historical basis for the new Shuyuan concept.This reconstructed Shuyuan concept has become an important model in Chinese educational history and educational theory,and its influence has continued to this day.