巴黎奥运会周期国家乒乓球队男子运动员身体形态特征分析

目的：比较巴黎奥运会周期国家乒乓球队男子一队、二队运动员的身体形态特征差异，为乒乓球运动员科学化训练与选材提供借鉴与参考。方法：选取国家乒乓球队67名男子运动员进行身体形态测试，测试指标包括身高、体重、上肢长、下肢长、上臂紧张围、上臂放松围、跟腱长、臂展、克托莱指数、BMI、上臂紧张围/放松围、腰臀比。采用独立样本t检验分析不同水平、不同持拍手及削球运动员的身体形态特征与差异。结果：男子一队运动员在体重、克托莱指数、BMI、上臂紧张围、上臂放松围、跟腱长方面均显著大于男子二队运动员（P＜0.01）。男子一队运动员持拍手的上臂紧张围显著大于非持拍手。削球打法运动员在身高、右侧上肢长、左右侧下肢长以及臂展方面显著大于非削球运动员（P＜0.05）。结论：我国优秀男子乒乓球运动员的身高与体重需保持良好比例，具有肩宽、手臂略长、跟腱较长等身体形态特征，其中削球运动员身材较为高大。

Analysis of Body Morphology of Male Players in the National Table Tennis Team During the Paris Olympic Cycle

Objective: The comparison of body morphology between male first and second team athletes during the Paris Olympic cycle is to provide reference for scientific training and selection of table tennis players. Methods: A total of 67 male athletes from the national table tennis team were selected for body shape testing. The test parameters included height, weight, upper limb length, lower limb length, upper arm circumference, relaxed upper arm circumference, achilles tendon relaxation length, arm span, Quetelet index, BMI, upper arm tension/relaxation circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. Independent sample T-tests were used to analyze differences in body shape characteristics between different skill levels and playing styles. Results: Male first team athletes exhibited significantly higher values in body weight, ketoretic index, BMI, upper arm circumference, relaxed upper arm circumference, and Achilles tendon length compared to male second team(P＜0.01). The upper arm circumference of the male first team player''s grip hand was significantly greater than that of the non-grip hands. Chopping skill defensive players had significantly greater height, right upper limb length, both lower limb length and arm span than the non-chopping players (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Elite male table tennis players in China should maintain a well-proportioned height and weight with broad shoulders, slightly longer arms, prominent achilles tendons, and other morphological characteristics. Additionally, chopping skill defensive players has to be taller.