认同与利益并进：奥巴马在非洲的外交战略

利用软权力推进国际关系,随着民族国家的建立而得到前所未有的强化。建构认同,形成公有认知,收获相应利益,始终是国家塑造对外战略的核心指向。美国作为一个取得世界性主导地位的国家,一直以强化美国认同（民族或文化）的方式保卫外交战略。在与非洲的交往上,美国同样以建构认同的方式推进着双边关系。当今的美国,正在以推动美国认同的方式来加大维持世界秩序的步伐,正在以本国的价值和标准试图挽救冷战结束后日趋衰落的国际制度,正在致力于设计各种不同功能的议题以建造同世界各国的＂亲密＂关系,最终企盼所构想的世界格局与国际模式走向秩序化。进入奥巴马时代,其对非政策更具鲜明性。奥巴马在个体认同与国家认同博弈的境况下竭力寻找对非战略的结合点,通过调动权力,建构认同的方式,促使美国国家利益朝着最大化方向继续挺进。

The Advancing of Self-identity and Interest Together: Obama's Foreign Affairs Strategy in Africa

It has been unprecedentedly strengthened to promote the international relationships through softpower with the founding of the modern nation-states.To construct identity,form public cognition and obtain corresponding interests are always the core orientation of a country’s foreign affairs strategy.America,as a dominating country in this world,has accentuated American identity in protecting foreign affairs strategy.When promoting bilateral ties with Africa,America also values identity construction. Now,America is stepping up its efforts in maintaining world order by pushing forward its identity,using its value and standard to save the decomposing international system,and designing various subjects to construct consanguinity for its desired regularization of world structure and pattern.In Obama time,the strategy toward Africa seems more clear-cut.Obama manages to find the bonding point of strategy toward Africa under the situation of the game of individual and state identity.By transferring the power and constructing the identity,it is helpful for America to maximize its national interests.