《左传》人物言论的论述倾向

中国古代史家有分叙史实与言论的传统,《左传》是一部把史实与言论有机地结合在一起的编年史,不仅记载了春秋年间各诸侯国兴亡衰变中的重大事件,而且收录大量有价值的人物言论。这些人物言论采取了多种论述方式,但其中主导方式是引证法。引证法在《左传》人物言论中表现出独立性(独立作为论据)、频繁性(使用较多)、多样性(方式多样),是一种发展比较成熟的论证方法。由于引证法的频繁使用,使得《左传》人物言论呈现出普遍的以古论今的倾向。这样的论述方式,很典型地反映了当时人们的某些思维特点,是和当时的社会形态及当时人们的思维水平相联系的。

Recounting Trend Characters' Remarks in Zuo Zhuan (Tso Chuan)

Historians in ancient China bore a tradition of recounting historical truths and remarks re- spectively.Zuo Zhuan(Tso Chuan)is such a chronicle that combines the two organically.It records the rise and fall of each kingdom during the Spring and Autumn Annals(Chunqiu)and the related big events with a large amount of valuable remarks as well.Those remarks have been stated in various ways,among which the main method is citation.Citation,a mature method of recounting and argumentation,is used fre- quently,independently and variously in remarks of characters in Zuo Zhuan.It's so frequently used that remarks of characters in Zuo Zhuan show a trend of citing the past to talk about present.This method is a typical reflection of people's thoughts at that time,and is closely related to the social formation and thinking level then.