学生发展理论在学生事务管理中的应用——美国学生发展理论简介

美国大学对学生发展理论的研究有着近百年的历史。美国学生发展理论包括个体与环境、社会心理、认知和价值观和整合型理论四个基本类型。这些理论分别从社会学、心理学、生态学等角度来解释学生成长和发展规律,理论研究的重点逐步从着眼于学生发展的某一特定方面转移到学生的总体发展上。近二三十年来,由于学生群体的不断变化,美国对女性学生、同性恋学生以及其他弱势群体学生的研究逐步增加。学生发展理论深刻影响了美国的学生管理实践,为学生宿舍管理、学务咨询、心理咨询等重要的学生事务管理领域提供了理论指导。

The application of student development theories in practice introduction to US's student development theories

American colleges and universities have nearly a-hundred-year history researching on college students.Broadly categorized,there are four types of student development theories in the U.S.,namely person-environment,psychosocial,cognitive and moral and integrated types of theories.These theories have adopted sociological,psychological,ecological and other perspectives and gradually moved from focusing on certain specific aspects of student development to seeking to understand student's overall growth and development.As student demographic changes in the last two or three decades,one trend in student development research has been witnessed that more research has been conducted on women students,lesbian and gay students,and other less privileged student groups.Student development theories have strongly shaped student affairs in American colleges and universities by providing theoretical understanding and models in programming and servicing students in student affairs.