生态学“抽象化”数学建模实在性分析

在科学建模中,由于目标系统的复杂性,人们往往借助于“抽象化”和“理想化”方法来研究对象。“理想化”是对系统刻意地“扭曲”表征,“抽象化”又遗漏了诸多细节。很多人质疑道,这种简化的数学模型无法正确地反映真实的生态学系统,建模的抽象化和理想化不能保证模型的实在性。这是生态学数学模型的反实在论。“抽象化”包含“遗漏细节”抽象化和“聚集意义”抽象化两种形式。抽象化建模是一种特定的视角来整合所表征生态系统中的相关因素,获得理论上的普遍性,进而能够追求实在。

An Analysis of the Reality of Ecological Abstraction in Mathematical Modeling

In scientific modeling,due to the complexity of the target system,people always use the methods of“abstraction”and“idealization”.“Idealization”is a deliberate“distortion”representation of certain system,while“abstraction”omits many details.Many people doubt that such simplified mathematical model can correctly reflect the real ecological system,and the abstraction and idealization of modeling can guarantee the reality of models.This is an antirealist view of the mathematical models.Abstraction includes two forms:the abstraction of omitting details and the abstraction of aggregation.Abstract modeling is a specific perspective to integrate relevant factors in the ecosystem,so as to obtain theoretical generality and pursue reality.