对《逻辑哲学论》科学观的逻辑重构

前期维特根斯坦的哲学是一种语言批判,通过对语言的逻辑进行研究,为可说和不可说的领域划定界限。在逻辑分析的视角下重构他的科学观,能更清楚理解他对科学的定位和评价。他的科学观表现为:(1)哲学与科学既非奠基、也非取消的关系,哲学在科学之外,为科学划定界限;(2)逻辑之知具有先天性和必然性,科学之知具有后天性和偶然性;(3)自然律的形式桥接了逻辑形式和自然律的内容,保证了科学知识中形式和内容的统一。前期维特根斯坦独特的科学观,可以为进一步思考科学的本性、哲学与科学的关系提供重要启示。

The Logical Reconstruction of the Scientific Outlook of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus

Early Wittgenstein’s philosophy is a kind of critique of language.Through the study of the logic of language,it draws a boundary between what can be said and what cannot be said.By reconstructing his scientific outlook from the perspective of logical analysis,his position and evaluation of science can be more clearly understood.His scientific outlook is shown as follows:(1)The relationship between philosophy and science is neither a foundation nor abolition.Philosophy is outside science and delimits science;(2)The knowledge of logic is a priori and necessary,while the knowledge of science is a posteriori and accidental;(3)The form of natural law bridges the logical form and the content of natural law,ensuring the unity of form and content in scientific knowledge.Early Wittgenstein’s unique view of science can provide important enlightenment for further thinking about the nature of science and the relationship between philosophy and science.